Researcher Information
Sharoni Michal
sharonim@mit.edu (123) 456-7890
The information provided below is for MIT researchers' use and is subject to change by EHS. For our legal disclaimer please see - http://ehs.mit.edu/site/content/legal-disclaimer
Agent Characteristics
Salmonella enterica
RG 2
Bacteria
Yes          
Family: Enterobacteriaceae. Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that is non-sporing, motile, and rod shaped. The subspecies enterica has 2610 different serotypes; the most well known being serotypes Typhi, Paratyphi, Enteriditis, Typhimurium and Choleraesuis.
HumansInsectsFarm AnimalsBirdsAnimals
Cut/ Needlestick / Non-intact skinIngestionMucous Membranes
Infectious dose: approx. 10^3 to 10^5 bacterium depending on route of exposure. Incubation time: Gastroenteritis- 6-48 hrs, but may be >1 week.  Enteric fever- 7-14 days.
Health Hazards
There are four main categories of infections: gastroenteritis (salmonellosis food poisoning), Enteric (typhoid) fever, bacteremia, and asymptomatic carrier state. symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, bloody or dark stools, diarrhea, or constipation, as well as a slower heart rate than expected.  May also cause bloodstream infections. Causes enteric fever (headache, fever, diarrhea, faint rose-colored rash, bradycardia)
The live, attenuated, oral typhoid vaccine (Ty21a) may provide partial protection against salmonella paratyphi B.
antibiotics for high-risk, immunocompromised individuals
Gastroenteritis: Oral and IV fluid replacement.  Antibiotics are usually not indicated since they do not shorten the duration of diarrheal illness.  IM ceftriaxone plus oral azithromycin may be given empirically in higher-risk individuals or severe illness.  There are many different options, based on susceptibility.  Enteric fever with bloodstream infection:  IV ceftriaxone, oral azithromycin, ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin 
Containment
BSL 2
ABSL2
Viability
10% household bleach (~0.5% sodium hypochlorite)70% ethanolActivated hydrogen peroxide (PREempt, Rescue)Quaternary ammonia (Quatricide, sklar, Lysol spray, etc.)Phenolic (Vesphene II)hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid (Peridox)Fresh 2% glutaraldehyde (Gluterate / CIDEX)
Autoclave at 121°C for 30 minutes or dry heat 170°C for 1 hour
Survives in feces, soil, water, and variety of foods and may persist for days, weeks, or years.
Ingestion and accidental injection
PPE/Containment
Wear gloves, lab coat, and appropriate lab attire (pants/long dress, closed toed shoes); eye protection, e.g. safety glasses, safety goggles recommended for liquids. Additional PPE may be required depending on lab specific SOPs for handling Salmonella enterica.
Biosafety cabinet recommended for procedures that can generate aerosols or splashes, Minimize use of sharps
Spill Procedures
Notify others working in the lab.  Allow aerosols to settle. Don appropriate PPE.  Cover area of the spill with paper towels and apply an EPA approved disinfectant, working from the perimeter towards the center.  Allow 10 minutes of contact time. Cleanup spill materials and dispose as biowaste. Surface disinfect 5-10 minutes. Remove PPE and wash hands.
For large volume spills or biological spills in a public area, contact MIT's Biosafety Program or the EHS office (617-452-3477) during normal business hours.  If the spill occurs after hours or on weekends, activate the EHS ON CALL system by dialing Operations 3-4948 (617-253-4948) or MIT Police by dialing 100 from a campus phone or 617-253-1212 from a mobile phone.
Exposure Procedures
Flush eyes, mouth, or nose for 15 minutes at eyewash station.
Wash area with soap and water and rinse/scrub for 5-10 minutes.
Immediately report incident to supervisor, PI, or EHS Representative. PI/supervisor must submit incident report in Atlas within 24 hours.
Medical Follow-up
9:00am-4:00pm, weekdays:
contact MIT Occupational Health:
Phone: 617-253-8552
Address: 25 Carleton Street, Building E23, Cambridge, MA 02142
website		 8:00am-8:00pm, weekdays
10:00am-4:00pm, weekends
MIT Health Urgent Care
phone: 617-253-1311
address: 25 Carleton Street, Building E23, Cambridge, MA 02142
Or call MIT Police 617-253-1212		 Emergencies:
Call 100 from a campus phone or
617-253-1212 from a mobile phone
Additional comments
References
Created on April  5, 2021 at 12:12 PM (EDT). Last updated by Zhong, Lu on Nov. 19, 2025 at  5:23 PM (EST). Owned by Zhong, Lu.
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When you bring additional fields into a conversion, Quickbase often finds inconsistencies. For example, say you're converting your Companies column into its own table. One company, Acme Corporation, has offices in New York, Dallas and Portland. So, when you add the City column to the conversion, Quickbase finds three different locations for Acme. A single value in the column you're converting can only match one value in any additional field. Quickbase needs you to clean up the extra cities before it can create your new table. To do so, you have one of two choices:

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